Characteristics and Clinical Presentation of Optic Neuropathy Patients with HIV in Eye Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar from January 2019 – December 2020

Abstract

Purpose: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system, complemented by clinical, immunological, and virological disorders. Ocular manifestations were reported in 54% of patients with HIV in Indonesia, with manifestations of posterior segment abnormalities in HIV. This study aims to determine the characteristics and clinical features of optic neuropathy patients with HIV in the Eye Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar.

Methods: This is a case series study within an observational cross-sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively by recording the characteristics and clinical features of optic neuropathy in HIV patients at the Eye Polyclinic Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar based on medical records from January 2019 to December 2020. The subjects in this study were 16 people. Characteristics male gender dominates optic neuropathy patients with HIV with 13 patients (81.25%), range of 20-40 years (68.75%).

Results: Decreased visual acuity is the most clinical presentation found in optic neuropathy patients with HIV in this study with 16 patients (100%), with edemapapil in 10 patients (62.5%), atrophy in 6 patients (37.5%). Positive CMV laboratory test results were found in 15 patients (93.75%), the duration of HIV diagnosis to the diagnosis of optic neuropathy was mostly seen with range time six months to 1 year as many as ten patients (62.5%), with CD4 cell counts <100 cell/mL in 12 patients (75%).

Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach is needed to diagnose optic neuropathy with HIV to get the proper management, which will affect the patient's quality of life.